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1 bad tendency doctrine
пол., юр., амер. доктрина дурного намерения (согласно которой Конституция дает законодателю право запретить выступление, если оно может привести к незаконным действиям, любым иным способом ограничить свободу слова)See: -
2 tendency
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3 fighting words
юр., амер. провокационые слова (слова, имеющие явное намерение вызвать ссору и несущественные с точки зрения содержания коммуникации; после известного дела Чаплинского доктрина провокационных слов вошла в юридическую практику; по определению суда: "...certain well-defined and narrowly limited classes of speechinclude the lewd and obscene, the profane, the libelous, and the insulting or "fighting" words — those which by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace")Finding that the epithets uttered by Chaplinsky were likely to provoke the average person to retaliation and thereby cause a breach of the peace, the Court ruled that Mr. Chaplinsky's words were unprotectable fighting words. — Суд признал, что слова Чаплинского вызвали бы у большинства людей естественную негативную ответную реакцию и привели бы к нарушению общественного порядка.
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